Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
type: channel
description: Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality & Culture (IJHSC) is an open access, peerreviewed journal which publishes high-quality original research articles and review articles relating to all domains of Human Sexuality. The submissions accepted are based on themes, so that a reader can get access to similar articles related to a theme here at this journal. Other categories of articles published by IJHSC include editorials, viewpoints, case series, commentaries and letters to the editor. It follows a doubleblind peer review process before publishing any piece of write-up. As the official publication of the Indian Institute of Sexology Bhubaneswar (IISB), it was started as a bi-annual journal in 2015 and continuing successfully in its 7th year of publication without any interruption. The journal mainly caters to the sexologists, sexual medicine experts, psychiatrists, psychologists and counsellors as well as other academics and professionals of social science, medical science and humanities. The Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality & Culture aims to cover the advances in the field of sexology and sexual medicine, but not limited to the following branches: The Journey The journal is first of its kind published from India. When IISB was established, we searched for exclusively dedicated journals on human sexuality to have access to recent and local research articles for the furtherance of our knowledge base and to collaborate with the authors and other institutions with same areas of interest. However, we could not find any such journal published from India. Then we thought of publishing a scientific journal from our institution itself. The journey was not at all smooth. Nevertheless, we could gather attention from the potential authors not only from India but also from abroad within a short span of time. We focus on contemporary issues and topics of interest for a vast array of interested readers. Through the journal, IISB wants to establish communication channels between aca…
language: en
publication name: Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
items: Kamasutra to Stigma: India’s Sexual Duality
items: Psychological Interventions for Sexual Health Among Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review
items: Re-examining Stage-based Models of Queer Identity Formation: A Critical Review
items: Family Planning and Maternal Child Health Outcomes: A Global Analysis Using WHO Data
items: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Shema Activation on the Relationship Between Sexual Health Awareness and Adherence to Safe Sex Behaviours among Cisgender Generation Z Women in India
items: Comparative Survey Study on Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Disease Among Urban (Pune) and Rural (Purandar) College Girls
items: Sexuality and Cancer in an Indian Context – A Sacred Disruption
items: Perception of Sexuality and Body Image among Breast and Cervical Cancer Survivors
items: Intersectionality and Hindi cinema: A study on the representation of disability and bisexuality in the Hindi film ‘Margarita with a Straw’
items: Broken bonds: A study of addiction, sexuality and traumatized aging in ‘A Mirror Made of Rain’
items: Individualization and sexuality of aging women in contemporary women’s cinema of Bollywood
items: Helpless behaviour and its correlates in Battered Women Syndrome
items: An exploration of sexual well-being among working professional women aged 25-30 in Mumbai: A qualitative study
items: Transforming sexual health services: A systematic review of India’s top interventions (2010-2023)
items: Systemic couple therapy in addressing psychosexual issues in Indian marriages
items: Witch-hunting in the digital age: The continued demonization of aging women’s sexuality in online spaces
items: Invisible desires: Addressing sexuality, intimacy, and ageism in older adults
items: Ageing and sexuality: Safeguarding sexual privacy in the digital age
items: Pornography, sexuality, and internet addiction: Psychological impacts across the lifespan and preventive strategies for youth
items: Transforming intimacy: Aging and sexuality
items: Ethical and Legal Dimensions of Informed Consent for Survivors of Sexual Violence in Indian Clinical Trials
items: Sexual Trauma And The Role Of Sattwavajaya Chikitsa(Ayurveda Psychotherapy): An Ayurvedic Perspective On Healing And Restoration
items: Digital Infidelity and Its Impact on Mental and Sexual Health: A Multifaceted Approach to Mitigating Risks in Asian Societies
items: Understanding the Complex Psychological, Emotional, and Neurobiological Consequences of Sexual Trauma on Mental Health
items: A Dark Prism Paradigm: Rule of Law and Marriage Rights of LGBTQ+
items: Looking into Sexual Risk-Taking Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis
items: (Retracted) Trauma and Its Impact on Menstrual Health: Psychological Insights from Women in Michamari, Assam
items: Sexual Trauma in Sexual and Gender Minorities
items: Sex, gender and sexuality: A study of Mahesh Dattani’s play ‘Seven Steps Around the Fire’
items: Exploring the psycho-social dimensions of same-sex marriage and LGBTQIA++ mental health in India

Kamasutra to Stigma: India’s Sexual Duality
type: item
description: Decade-long work in psycho-oncology underpins this special issue, and I am honored to serve as Guest Editor for the Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture and shed some light on this theme. Across the globe, sexual dysfunction affects up to 90% of female cancer survivors and 40% of males, stemming from various treatment modalities like chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and hormone therapies that impair sexual intimacy, arousal, and libido during and exist beyond treatment (1-3). For many survivors, these changes persist long after the visible signs of cancer care have ended. Yet, sexuality remains an ignored, neglected, or neglected topic from diagnosis through survivorship.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Cancer Indian context
  topic: keywords
subject: sexuality
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Thakur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.21590/ijhsc.11.02.01

Psychological Interventions for Sexual Health Among Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Background: Sexuality is a core aspect of well-being and personal relationships. Cancer and its treatment often disrupt sexuality through physical changes, emotional distress, and relational strain. Although cancer survival has improved, many individuals continue to experience difficulties with intimacy, desire, body image, and emotional closeness, yet these concerns are seldom addressed in routine oncology care, fueled by physically deteriorated health and resultant psychological issues, attached to sexuality and illness. Method: This narrative review examines psychological interventions aimed at supporting sexual health among cancer patients, with particular attention to Indian cultural contexts. Studies published between January 2001 and May 2025 were identified through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science using relevant key terms. Result: Evidence suggests that psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral approaches, couple-based interventions, mindfulness-based therapies, and meaning-oriented psychotherapy can improve sexual well-being and relational adjustment. Conclusion: Addressing sexual health through culturally responsive psychological interventions may meaningfully improve quality of life for cancer survivors, especially in settings where sexuality remains a sensitive or neglected topic.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: psychological intervention, cancer , sexual well-being, sexuality, Asian culture, Indian context
  topic: keywords
creator: Simrat Kaur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 40
ending page: 44
doi: 10.21590/ijhsc.11.02.06

Re-examining Stage-based Models of Queer Identity Formation: A Critical Review
type: item
description: This literature review critically examines stage-based models of queer identity formation, analyzing their theoretical foundations and limitations within contemporary LGBTQ+ scholarship. While early models such as Cass and Troiden’s models provided structured frameworks for understanding sexual and gender identity development, they have increasingly been critiqued for their reliance on linear progression, binary thinking, and Western individualistic assumptions. By analysing 114 articles on queer identity formation, this review chronologically addresses the major stage-based models of queer identity. The paper also synthesizes critiques by prominent researchers in the field, who challenge the applicability of stage-based approaches in capturing the fluidity and cultural uniqueness of queer identity formation in our contemporary world. This paper highlights the need for newer gender affirming and culturally sensitive theoretical models of queer identity formation that will help add substantial literary development to our ongoing understanding of queer identities.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Queer
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity models
  topic: keywords
subject: Critical review
  topic: keywords
subject: Gay
  topic: keywords
subject: Lesbian
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Shreya Joanna Royan
creator: Sibnath Deb
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 45
ending page: 55
doi: 10.21590/ijhsc.11.02.07

Family Planning and Maternal Child Health Outcomes: A Global Analysis Using WHO Data
type: item
description: Maternal and child mortality remain critical global health challenges, with potential associations to family planning access requiring systematic investigation. This study examined the relationship between access to modern family planning methods and maternal and child health outcomes across WHO member states to inform evidence-based policy development. A quantitative cross-sectional analysis was conducted using WHO Global Health Observatory data from 101 member states. Key indicators included maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births), infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births), family planning access (percentage of reproductive-age women with modern contraceptive needs met), and births attended by skilled health personnel. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation coefficients and ordinary least squares regression modeling. Significant negative correlations were observed between family planning access and both maternal mortality (r = -0.490, p < 0.001) and infant mortality (r = -0.495, p < 0.001). Regression analyses revealed that each percentage-point increase in family planning access was associated with 5.848 fewer maternal deaths per 100,000 live births and 0.445 fewer infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Geographical analysis demonstrated pronounced disparities, with Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia exhibiting the highest mortality rates and lowest family planning access. The findings provided satisfactory evidence for the protective association between modern family planning access and reduced maternal and child mortality. These results supported increased investment in comprehensive reproductive health programs, particularly in regions with the greatest need, as a cost-effective strategy for improving global health outcomes and achieving sustainable development goals.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Family Planning, Maternal Mortality, Child Mortality, Global Health, WHO Data
  topic: keywords
creator: Prateeti Barman
creator: Arnob Bormudoi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 21
ending page: 28
doi: 10.21590/ijhsc.11.02.04

The Moderating Role of Cognitive Shema Activation on the Relationship Between Sexual Health Awareness and Adherence to Safe Sex Behaviours among Cisgender Generation Z Women in India
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to examine how cognitive schemas influence the relationship between sexual health awareness and adherence to safe sex practices among cisgender Generation Z women in India. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design, 114 cisgender Indian women aged 18 to 29 who had prior sexual experience with cisgender men completed validated questionnaires assessing sexual health awareness, cognitive schema activation in sexual contexts, and safe sex behaviors. Data was analyzed using Spearman’s rho correlations and moderation analyses with bootstrapping, with both overall schema scores and individual subscales tested as moderators. Results indicated that while greater awareness was associated with stronger adherence to safe sex practices, maladaptive schemas, particularly helplessness, weakened this relationship. These findings highlight the role of psychological factors in translating awareness into behavior. This research adds to existing literature by addressing a gap in the Indian context, where cultural taboos and limited access to formal sex education present unique challenges. This study highlights the need for sexual health interventions that not only provide accurate information but also target underlying cognitive patterns, ensuring that awareness translates into consistent and empowered safe sex behaviors.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexual Health Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Safe Sex Behaviours
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Schema Activation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sex Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Indian Women
  topic: keywords
creator: Veola Noronha
creator: Rajeshwari Muthukumaran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 11
ending page: 20
doi: 10.21590/ijhsc.11.02.03

Comparative Survey Study on Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Disease Among Urban (Pune) and Rural (Purandar) College Girls
type: item
description: Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) exhibits notable differences in prevalence and risk factors between urban- and rural-based populations, which has an impact on adolescent and reproductive health in India. This study sought to investigate and compare the prevalence, demographic characteristics, risk factors, symptom profiles, and healthcare access associated with PCOD in college girls in urban and rural settings. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,104 urban and rural female college students in Maharashtra and indicated that the prevalence of PCOD among urban girls (10.6%) was significantly greater compared to rural girls (6.7%). Although urban and rural girls were nearly equal with respect to age and sample size, urban girls had higher knowledge of PCOD, had more experience with healthcare providers, experienced more stress, and had a higher prevalence of clinical symptoms such as irregular periods and hyperandrogenism, even though urban girls had a higher prevalence of obesity (59.7%) compared to rural girls (5.3%). A family history of PCOD was a strong predictor in both urban and rural girls, with urban girls having notably better access to medical care. These findings highlight the need for distinct intervention strategies such as awareness promotions, stress-reducing interventions, and healthcare access to address risks and barriers to healthcare in each population subgroup.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: PCOD
  topic: keywords
subject: PCOS
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalance
  topic: keywords
subject: College girls
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural
  topic: keywords
creator: Vidya Patil Patankar
creator: Prajakta Kulkarni
creator: Afroz Mulani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 3
ending page: 10
doi: 10.21590/ijhsc.11.02.02

Sexuality and Cancer in an Indian Context – A Sacred Disruption
type: item
description: This narrative review explores sexuality and intimacy after cancer among Indian women and integrates clinical literature with culturally grounded reflections. Drawing on oncology, sexual health research, and feminist perspectives, the paper examines how cancer treatment disrupts bodily identity, desire, and relational intimacy. It highlights the silences surrounding female sexuality in India and reframes post-cancer sensuality as a process of reclamation rather than loss. The review argues for trauma-informed, culturally sensitive approaches to sexual health conversations in oncology care.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexuality after cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Indian women
  topic: keywords
subject: Breast cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Gynecological cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Intimacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Body image
  topic: keywords
subject: Survivorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Narrative medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Athira Krishnan Santhi
creator: Ravi Teja Mandapaka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 56
ending page: 60
doi: 10.21590/ijhsc.11.02.08

Perception of Sexuality and Body Image among Breast and Cervical Cancer Survivors
type: item
description: Post-diagnosis breast cancer survivors and survivors of cervical cancer are more likely to face severe psychological and emotional consequences that involves body image and their sexual disruption. Surgical treatments including mastectomy, hysterectomy, and radiation, and chemotherapy can have profound and devastating psychological impacts on women, their femininities, desirability, and sex lives. These shifts provide distress, shame, and intimacy problems, thus affecting the entire quality of life. The survivors are often reported to feel unattractive, unacceptable by partners and of low self-worth, exacerbated by the cultural stigmatisation and the lack of clinical concern about secondary sexual health in the post treatment period. This evidence-based review paper summarates what is currently understood about the psychosocial aspects of sexuality and body image in female cancer survivors. The research selected peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025 and reviewed them in various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. The major findings include the definition of the impression received by the survivors not only by the physical modifications but also by the work of interpersonal relationships and limitations of social reintegration. The research notes the necessity of holistic, trauma-informed, and culturally responsive activities that focus on emotional regulation, talking with a partner, and body acceptance. It further highlights the necessity to include the aspects of sexuality and body image counseling in the survivorship care plans. It is paramount to address such issues and concerns to optimize psychosocial recovery and resiliency, as well as regain a feeling of identity and intimacy in cancer survival.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Breast cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Cervical cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Body image
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexuality, Survivorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychosocial well-being
  topic: keywords
creator: Anamika Ana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality and Culture
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 29
ending page: 39
doi: 10.21590/ijhsc.11.02.05

Intersectionality and Hindi cinema: A study on the representation of disability and bisexuality in the Hindi film ‘Margarita with a Straw’
type: item
description: According to professor Kimberle Crenshaw, ‘All inequality is not created equal’. She coined the term ‘intersectionality’ in 1989. This term elaborates on the oppression of women in society based on class, race, gender identity, sexual orientation, and sometimes even on their political inclination. These individual characteristics overlap and intersect with each other. It can be the case where either one or all of them conjoin one another and create experiences of discrimination among women based on various systems of oppression. Crenshaw proposed that unjust behaviour based on intersectionality has an intense and personalised effect on the social structure of women. For instance, disability, which is marginalising, further narrows down the opportunities to be seen and heard by the female gender. Therefore, this paper attempts to study the representation of intersectionality through the social categorisations of disability and sexuality of women in Hindi cinema. Ahead of her time, director Shonali Bhose presented Margarita with a Straw in 2014, the story of a young woman with dreams, ambition, and a debilitating disease known as Cerebral Palsy. Laila, the protagonist here, accepts herself and the challenges life brings to her. She is on a quest to explore freedom and sexuality, defying the appropriation built around disability and genderqueer. The film also touches upon the supportive and special mother-daughter relationship throughout. To align with the narrative of the film, a qualitative approach using critical analysis and interview guidelines will be used as a tool to elicit empirical data. In conclusion, the study will open debates on the representation of the intersectionality of gender and identity in Hindi cinema and will open debates on the change in the representation among the masses.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Representation, Sexuality, Intersectionality, Gender queer, Disability, Hindi cinema
  topic: keywords
creator: Komal Purohit
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 93
ending page: 99

Broken bonds: A study of addiction, sexuality and traumatized aging in ‘A Mirror Made of Rain’
type: item
description: This paper examines the multi-layered depiction of trauma and its intergenerational transmission in the novel ‘A Mirror Made of Rain’ by Naheed Phiroze Patel through the character of Asha, an alcoholic mother whose unresolved traumas and addiction lead to her tumultuous relationship with her daughter Noomi. This study explores the ways through which identities, gender roles, and intergenerational relationships are shaped by addiction. The paper delves into the mechanisms through which trauma is not only inherited but re-enacted in complex familial bonds by studying Asha’s psychological condition and the repercussions of maternal trauma passed down from her own mother. It delves deeper into the relationship between gender and addiction, highlighting the particular difficulties experienced by Indian women who battle substance misuse as well as the stigma associated with female addicts. Through the character of Asha, the novel presents a complex depiction of sexuality, particularly how trauma disrupts sexual agency and distorts the mother-daughter relationship. This paper contends that Asha’s ageing process, which is characterised by physical and mental deterioration, is a heartbreaking tale of selfdestruction and wounded motherhood, reflecting the cumulative impacts of addiction and unresolved trauma. By taking recourse to a multidisciplinary approach that integrates insights from psychology, gender studies, and trauma theory, this paper aims to expand the understanding of how addiction and trauma intermingle with gendered experiences and how these elements contribute to a cycle of fractured familial bonds in ‘A Mirror Made of Rain’.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Ageing, Sexuality, Intergenerational trauma, Gender, Addiction
  topic: keywords
creator: Shabnam Ahad
creator: Manzoor Ahmad Najar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-16
publication date: 2024-12-16
starting page: 85
ending page: 92

Individualization and sexuality of aging women in contemporary women’s cinema of Bollywood
type: item
description: The depiction of aging women’s sexuality has undergone adecent transformation in popular culture. In film studies, Women’s cinema intervenes in the stereotypical depiction of women on screen and discusses various topics that have not been discussed exhaustively. Sexuality is one of the crucial topics among them. In Bollywood, Alankrita Shrivastava is one of the women directors who stood out among her peers. She discussed aging women’s sexuality comprising urges, desires, and fantasy, focusing on their identity, individuality, and self-actualization. The films discussed all these complexities of aging women’s sexuality with endearing sensitivity and delicacy. Using Beck and Beck-Gernsheim’s (2002) Individualization and McRobbie’s (2004) Female Individualization, this paper examined the sexuality of aging women depicted in the two films of Alankrita ShrivastavaLipstick Under My Burkha (2017) and Dolly Kitty Aur Woh Chamakate Sitare (2020). This study also analyzed these characters’ individualization of sexuality, which breaks the conventional barriers and their journey.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Aging women, Female individualization, Women’s cinema, Bollywood
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamble Divya Dilip
creator: Oinam Bedajit Meitei
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 77
ending page: 84

Helpless behaviour and its correlates in Battered Women Syndrome
type: item
description: Domestic violence severely affects an individual's well-being, and victims often remain in abusive relationships due to helplessness, a condition known as Battered Women Syndrome, a subtype of PTSD. The study aimed to explore the association between the various psychological factors related to helpless behaviour in women having battered women syndrome. The sample was selected using purposive sampling (N=86). It included 43 participants in the clinical group of women with battered women syndrome and 43 participants in the normal control group. Participants were assessed on the index of spousal of abuse scale, Miller’s marital locus of control scale, interpersonal dependency inventory, positive and negative suicide ideation inventory and helpless behaviour questionnaire. The findings suggested that Higher abuse severity is linked to increased helplessness, dependency, and external locus of control while reducing protective thoughts against suicide, amplifying vulnerability in affected women. A significant difference was observed between women with battered women syndrome and normal control on the severity of abuse, marital locus of control, interpersonal dependency, positive suicidal thoughts and helpless behaviour. The findings have significant clinical implications. A deeper understanding of the factors associated with Battered Women Syndrome can facilitate the development of specialised therapeutic models for its prevention and management.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Battered women, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Helpless behaviour, Marital locus of control, Interpersonal dependency
  topic: keywords
creator: Priyanka Samuel
creator: Sumedha Bhattacharya
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-29
publication date: 2024-12-29
starting page: 68
ending page: 76

An exploration of sexual well-being among working professional women aged 25-30 in Mumbai: A qualitative study
type: item
description: Background: Sexual Well-being is an integral component of health, yet it is often overlooked, particularly among Indian working professional women. This group, which balances professional aspirations with strongly ingrained social and cultural expectations, is uniquely positioned at the intersection of modernity and tradition. In Mumbai, professional women who benefit from increased employment opportunities often juggle numerous responsibilities, including careers and roles as daughters,spouses, or prospective mothers. Sexual Well-being, often seen as taboo, is still a topic that needs further research. This paper seeks to examine women's experiences and perceptions of Sexual well-being. Methods: This study uses a qualitative research paradigm. The study is conducted in Mumbai-Maharashtra, India. The participants were selected through snowball and purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted with the participants, who were between 25 and 30 years old, working professional women. An interview guide was administered to working professionals to understand their perceptions of sexual well-being and how these women experience sexual well-being. The data was analysed according to themes derived from the interviews. Results: The study shows that personal and sociocultural factors influence their perspectives and experiences. The findings indicate that although women recognise the significance of their sexual well-being for their overall health, they nevertheless encounter several challenges in openly discussing their sexual needs. These barriers mainly stem from cultural stigmas, societal norms, and insufficient sexual health resources. The study emphasises the need to foster open dialogues and a supportive atmosphere to enhance sexual wellbeing.61 Conclusion: The study explored the factors that influence sexual well-being among working professional women in Mumbai. Despite understanding its significance, women face significant challenges, such as cultural stigma…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexual well-being, Working professional women, Socio-cultural influences, Sexual health, Mumbai
  topic: keywords
creator: Rinchen Ongmu Bhutia
creator: Bal Nagorao Rakshase
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 60
ending page: 67

Transforming sexual health services: A systematic review of India’s top interventions (2010-2023)
type: item
description: Background: Healthcare decision-makers require clear, evidence-based insights to effectively prioritize treatments for sexual dysfunction. This study seeks to provide a comparative analysis of the health benefits and costeffectiveness of different interventions, including both medical and non-medical treatments, with a special focus on the Indian context. Methods: This systematic review draws on ranking frameworks from Indian health organizations like the National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to prioritize preventive healthcare services. Using data from 2010 to 2023, we evaluated key interventions, including pharmacological treatments, cognitive-behavioraltherapy (CBT), and lifestyle changes, in the Indian context. Each intervention was scored for clinical and cost-effectiveness on a 1 to 5 scale, with total scores ranging from 2 to 10. To set administration priorities, we compared these rankings with access and usage rates, following recommendations from programs like the National Health Mission (NHM) and the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO). Results: Pharmacological treatments, such as Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), received high effectiveness scores (8-10), but their availability was found to be limited in low-income regions. CBT, with moderate-tohigh effectiveness (7-9), showed better cost-effectiveness in these regions. Lifestyle modifications had lower overall effectiveness but remain a crucial complement to other interventions. Regional disparities highlighted gaps in service delivery, especially in resource-poor areas. Conclusion This review identifies the most valuable interventions for treating sexual dysfunction and provides a framework to guide healthcare providers and policymakers in prioritizing actions that improve sexual health outcomes, especially in underserved populations
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexual health interventions, Cost-effectiveness analysis, India healthcare priorities, Preventive services, Sexual dysfunction treatments, Public health strategy
  topic: keywords
creator: Shabnum Aara
creator: Asma Nabi
creator: Muzamil Aziz Dar
creator: Mohammad Iqbal Bhat
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-05
publication date: 2024-12-05
starting page: 45
ending page: 59

Systemic couple therapy in addressing psychosexual issues in Indian marriages
type: item
description: Psychosexual issues significantly impact the quality of marital relationships. These conditions, often exacerbated by cultural taboos and a lack of open communication, pose challenges to both couples and therapists. This viewpoint paper explores the role of systemic couple therapy in addressing these issues within the Indian cultural context. This paper highlights the importance of culturally sensitive interventions by examining therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), emotional-focused therapy (EFT), and psychodynamic therapy. The discussion includes insights into the challenges faced by therapists, the influence of cultural myths and societal norms, and the need for a more comprehensive approach to psychosexual therapy in India.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Couple therapy, Systemic therapy, Indian culture, Sexual myths, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Emotionally focused therapy, Aging, Sexuality
  topic: keywords
creator: Neeraj M S
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-29
publication date: 2024-10-29
starting page: 39
ending page: 44

Witch-hunting in the digital age: The continued demonization of aging women’s sexuality in online spaces
type: item
description: The digital age, while offering unprecedented connectivity and freedom of expression, has also become a breeding ground for harmful stereotypes and discrimination. Historically, women-especially ageing women-have been persecuted based on unfounded fears and suspicions surrounding their bodies and sexuality. This study explores how digital platforms have transformed historical witch hunting into modern-day online persecution of ageing women. By analysing cultural biases, societal double standards, and the anonymity of the internet, the research investigates the factors contributing to this phenomenon. The paper argues that ageing women are particularly vulnerable to online shaming, harassment, and derogatory portrayals due to their intersectional identities. It examines the inadequacies of existing legal frameworks and social media policies in addressing this issue and suggests the need for more targeted regulatory mechanisms to protect older women from online persecution.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Online witch-hunting, Ageing women, Digital persecution, Intersectionality, Legal frameworks
  topic: keywords
creator: Azhar Iqbal Mozumder
creator: Rashmi Ranjan Mishra
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-07
publication date: 2024-12-07
starting page: 30
ending page: 38

Invisible desires: Addressing sexuality, intimacy, and ageism in older adults
type: item
description: In modern society, fulfilling personal life and goals related to personal and professional depends on society, sexuality, intimacy, and sexual identities-all of which are crucially acknowledged as fundamental human rights and needs. Older people have not always been acknowledged in literature or discussions of these issues, and sexuality has generally been taboo. These silences are further rooted in many areas of social policy and practice related to ageing support, reflecting the broader invisibility of older people in various aspects of society. The present article focuses on sexuality and ageism, exploring how ageing affects sexual health and the factors that play a significant role in this process. This article also aims to integrate different theoretical perspectives on sexual health and ageing and contribute to breaking the stigma surrounding these issues. Search databases, such as Elsevier, PMC Database, Wiley and Sons, Springer, Google Scholar, etc., were used to extract a total of 13 studies which were included in the final review. People reported fewer sexual problems and valued sex more when they had fewer ageist sexual preconceptions in their minds. This study reviews studies from various cultures with a particular emphasis on South Asian culture. It explores dominant discourses surrounding sexuality, intimacy, and sexual identities in later life. Drawing on a range of secondary literature, it examines the various positions and contexts that shape the “practice” of sexuality in older adulthood. Despite increased public exposure, society remains deeply preoccupied with beliefs about what constitutes “normal” or “appropriate” sexual behaviour for older individuals. Sexuality in later life is primarily addressed from a biomedical perspective, which assumes a natural decline in sexual functioning that requires medical treatment. Other key issues and persistent myths surrounding older people’s sexuality include the belief that 20 sexual desire diminishes with…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Ageing, Sexual health, Ageism, Intimacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Vivek Singh
creator: Komal Bumra
creator: Tanya Sharma
creator: Ravi P. Pandey
creator: Divya Dixit
creator: Chitra Anand
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-04
publication date: 2024-12-04
starting page: 19
ending page: 29

Ageing and sexuality: Safeguarding sexual privacy in the digital age
type: item
description: The rapid advancement of digital technology has introduced unprecedented threats to personal and intimate privacy, particularly for ageing populations in India. Older adults, increasingly reliant on digital platforms for communication, interaction, and relationships, face heightened risks of exploitation, coercion, and manipulation. Their vulnerability is exacerbated by a lack of digital literacy, making them susceptible to breaches of sexual privacy, including non consensual pornography, sextortion, voyeurism, and deepfake sex videos. Furthermore, hidden cameras, smart devices, and practices like up-skirting contribute to an environment of pervasive digital voyeurism, leaving elderly individuals exposed to invasive practices. This theoretical paper examines the relationship between ageing, sexuality, and digital privacy, focusing on how these dynamics compromise older adults’ autonomy and dignity. Using a socio-legal and conceptual methodology, the paper critically analyzes existing legal frameworks and identifies gaps in the protections offered to aging individuals against breaches of sexual privacy. It also integrates insights from sociological and psychological studies to highlight the emotional and psychological toll these violations take, particularly on older women and marginalized communities. The findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive reforms, including enhanced penalties for bias-motivated violations, accountability measures for digital platforms, and Review Article Ageing and sexuality: Safeguarding sexual privacy in the digital age the evolution of privacy laws to address emerging threats such as deep-fake technology. The paper concludes by proposing a multifaceted approach that includes legal reforms, digital literacy programs, societal education, and robust support systems. By recognizing and addressing the unique vulnerabilities of older adults in the digital age, this study contributes to the development of a theoretical framework aime…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Aging, Sexual privacy, Digital age, Nonconsensual pornography, Sextortion, Deep-fake technology, Digital voyeurism, Elderly vulnerability, Intimate relationships, Autonomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahnawaz Ahmad
creator: Mini S
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-20
publication date: 2024-12-20
starting page: 11
ending page: 18

Pornography, sexuality, and internet addiction: Psychological impacts across the lifespan and preventive strategies for youth
type: item
description: As people age, their sexuality evolves. Youth is a critical time for sexual development, marked by curiosity and exploration. In adulthood, individuals often face challenges like maintaining intimacy. The influence of pornography varies across life stages, serving as an informal teacher for youth but potentially leading to unfulfilled expectations or relationship issues for adults. Early exposure to online pornography can have significant psychological impacts on youth, affecting mental health, sexual development, and overall wellbeing. Research shows that such exposure can lead to hypersexualisation,skewed perspectives on sex, and misconceptions about sexual behaviour. Adolescents addicted to pornography may suffer from cognitive and emotional impairments, including obsessive-compulsive thoughts, sleep disturbances, and difficulties in forming healthy relationships. This can result in decreased life satisfaction, mental health issues like depression and anxiety, and problematic sexual behaviours in adulthood. Excessive pornography consumption is linked to dangerous sexual behaviours, internet addiction, and distorted sexual standards, potentially normalising aggressive sexual activities. Forensic implications include a higher risk of developing paraphilias, engaging in sexual aggression, or becoming victims of online sexual victimisation. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive education, parental monitoring, and regulatory measures to mitigate the adverse effects of early pornography exposure on adolescents.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexuality, Youth, Pornography, Internet addiction, India, Computer misuse
  topic: keywords
creator: Sughosh V Upasani
creator: Pankaj G Jain
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-07
publication date: 2024-12-07
starting page: 3
ending page: 10

Transforming intimacy: Aging and sexuality
type: item
description: .
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Aging, Sexuality, Transformation, Intimacy, Understanding
  topic: keywords
creator: Deblina Roy
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-29
publication date: 2024-12-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 2

Ethical and Legal Dimensions of Informed Consent for Survivors of Sexual Violence in Indian Clinical Trials
type: item
description: A crucial ethical and legal prerequisite for clinical research is informed consent, which ensures the autonomy of participants and protection from coercion. However, where clinical trials involve survivors of sexual violence, the application of informed consent principles becomes deeply challenging. Survivors often experience significant psychological trauma, societal stigma, and structural inequalities that compromise their ability to provide free and fully informed consent. These issues are especially relevant in India, where cultural, legal, and institutional barriers further complicate the ethical conduct of clinical trials involving such vulnerable populations. This paper explores the complexities of truly informed consent in Indian clinical studies on sexual violence research and analyzes the effectiveness of national regulations, such as ‘the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules, 2019,’ and international guidelines, such as the ‘Declaration of Helsinki’ and the ‘Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences’ (CIOMS) guidelines. The paper also examines judicial interpretations of informed consent in clinical research, highlighting landmark Indian cases and global best practices that can appraise policy reforms. By advocating trauma-informed consent procedures, strengthened legal regulations, and survivor-centric ethical standards, this study aims to achieve a more equitable framework for conducting clinical trials with survivors of sexual violence. It thus highlights the need for a balanced approach that maintains both the scientific validity of research and the dignity and rights of participants, ensuring that consent remains a genuine expression of autonomy and not a procedural formality.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Informed consent, Clinical trials, Sexual violence survivors, Autonomy, National and international frameworks.
  topic: keywords
creator: Preetisha Choudhury
creator: Naveen Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 57
ending page: 66

Sexual Trauma And The Role Of Sattwavajaya Chikitsa(Ayurveda Psychotherapy): An Ayurvedic Perspective On Healing And Restoration
type: item
description: Sexual trauma has profound psychological and physiological consequences, necessitating a holistic approach to healing. Sattwavajaya Chikitsa, a non-pharmacological psychotherapeutic intervention in Ayurveda, focuses on cognitive restructuring and emotional resilience. This review examines its potential role in managing psychological distress in survivors of sexual trauma.A comprehensive literature review was conducted using indexed databases, analyzing studies on Sattwavajaya Chikitsa and its application in trauma recovery. Emphasis was placed on its principles, therapeutic mechanisms, and integration with modern psychotherapeutic approaches.Existing literature suggests that Sattwavajaya Chikitsa, through cognitive interventions, mindfulness-based practices, and emotional regulation techniques, will contribute to psychological resilience and trauma recovery. While empirical evidence remains limited, theoretical frameworks and preliminary studies indicate its potential efficacy in reducing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms.Sattwavajaya Chikitsa offers a promising adjunctive approach for psychological rehabilitation in survivors of sexual trauma. Integrating this traditional Ayurvedic therapy with contemporary mental health interventions may enhance holistic recovery. Further clinical studies are needed to substantiate its effectiveness and application in trauma-informed care.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Ayurveda, Psychological resilience, Sattwavajaya Chikitsa, Sexual trauma, Trauma recovery.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sanyogeeta A Dixit
creator: Kashavva V Hiremath
creator: Pankaj Sharma
creator: Vaishnavi G Kulkarni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 49
ending page: 56

Digital Infidelity and Its Impact on Mental and Sexual Health: A Multifaceted Approach to Mitigating Risks in Asian Societies
type: item
description: The evolution of Online adultery poses considerable psychological and public health concerns, predominantly around mental well-being and sexual health. Research suggests that anonymity and disinhibition inherent in digital interactions can lead to intensified engagement in risky sexual behaviors, including unprotected sex and the augmented transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). These risks are further intensified due to cultural stigma, inadequate awareness, and restricted access to sexual health resources in Asian countries. Such high-risk behaviors that include adverse mental health outcomes and engagement due to psychological factors such as escapism, emotional dissatisfaction, and guilt impair rational decision-making. The concealed nature of online adultery confounds attempts in STD diagnosis and treatment, compelling the execution of specialized healthcare interventions. Such risks can be mitigated using targeted strategies such as confidential counseling, anonymous testing, and expanded access to sexual health clinics. The necessity for integration of digital literacy into sexual education, besides collaborations with online platforms, has become the core of public health initiatives. Moreover, public health initiatives that integrate digital literacy into sexual education, besides collaborations with online platforms, can play a crucial role in adopting safer online behaviors and reducing STD transmission. A multifaceted approach addressing these challenges, including the development of comprehensive healthcare services, the promotion of digital literacy in sexual health education, and strategic partnerships with digital platforms. By recognizing to mitigating the risks associated with online adultery, public health outcomes can be enhanced, along with mental well-being and empower individuals to make informed choices regarding their sexual health. The current study steps beyond factual studies of occurrence and investigates the health, psycho…
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Adultery, Behaviors, Internet, Relationships, Sexually transmitted diseases.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sandeep Bhattacharjee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 48

Understanding the Complex Psychological, Emotional, and Neurobiological Consequences of Sexual Trauma on Mental Health
type: item
description: Sexual trauma is a widespread public health issue with profound, lasting effects on survivors’ mental, emotional, and neurobiological well-being. It is commonly associated with psychological disorders such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, and dissociative conditions. Survivors also face emotional challenges, including shame, guilt, and emotional dysregulation. Neurobiological impacts, including changes in brain structure and stress response systems, can hinder coping and recovery. The associated social stigma further isolates survivors and exacerbates distress. According to the World Health Organization, one in three women globally experiences sexual violence in their lifetime. Male and non-binary survivors are also affected but often underrepresented due to cultural stigma and systemic barriers. Early intervention and trauma-informed care are essential to reduce long-term effects. This narrative review synthesizes existing literature on the multifaceted impacts of sexual trauma and evaluates effective treatments, including trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and integrative holistic methods. The review highlights the importance of implementing trauma-informed practices, identifies gaps in current research—particularly the need for inclusive and longitudinal studies—and underscores the urgency for comprehensive policy support to enhance recovery, resilience, and systemic change for all survivors.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexual trauma, Mental health, PTSD, Neurobiology, Literature review, Therapeutic interventions.
  topic: keywords
creator: Gautam Makwana
creator: H. Elizabeth
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 35

A Dark Prism Paradigm: Rule of Law and Marriage Rights of LGBTQ+
type: item
description: The paper sheds light upon the Sexually Segregated Claimant Rights amongst the bundle of rights guaranteed by the rule of law principle in consonance with the mainstream group of society. With the assumption that Telo’s Rule of Law is not adequately addressed and resembles eloquence as propounded by Jurists of this principle. The protection of rights is viewed from the LGBTQ communities’ marital rights scope. Here, it exorbitantly showcases the justice system of the state while enshrining marriage law for its people. This principle has predominantly eclipsed same-sex marital laws from its jurisdiction. It strives to address multiple questions: How does the rule of law impact balancing the weight of every individual’s needs in a state from its origin? What could be the cause and consequence of marginalizing such groups from society? And the Various Progressive Steps taken across nations towards same-sex marriage. How is justice delivered? The Critic of Conservative Native thought, which devolves the mob mentality with the inherent essence of a positive democratic state and its downside of the negligence of such law by the state, will depict the relative glitch in society.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Rule of Law, Marriage Rights, Same-Sex Marriage, Justice and Equality, LGBTQ+
  topic: keywords
creator: Jayashree Natarajan
creator: Vidya Selvamony
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 18
ending page: 27

Looking into Sexual Risk-Taking Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis
type: item
description: Most young people engage in risky behaviors and experience unintended outcomes. One among them is sexual risk-taking behavior which includes sex work, having multiple partners, having sex under the influence of substances, unprotected sex, etc. This bibliometric study provides insight into the literature on sexual risk-taking and identifies the gap for further investigation into the field of research. The database used were Scopus and PubMed in which a valid search strategy was built to retrieve all the relevant information and eliminate irrelevant documents. The data from the retrieved literature is exported to plain text and Bibtex file and then further converted to MS Excel file through R studio and Biblioshiny. After excluding the reviews, limiting to psychology, and removing duplicates a total of 3545 articles from 753 sources were retrieved for further data extraction. The topics with recent relevance are STI, pregnancy, risk factors, and adolescent sexual behavior. It is noted that the STI including HIV is a threat to the national public health which needs to be addressed and controlled from the early stage of sexual development of children. Thus, more research needs to be carried out in the field of adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior and its connection with the spreading of STIs and the interventions and psychoeducation in the early stage to tackle this public health trajectory.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Sexual risk-taking, Biblioshiny, Bibliometric analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Divya Prabha K
creator: Nice Mary Francis P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 17

(Retracted) Trauma and Its Impact on Menstrual Health: Psychological Insights from Women in Michamari, Assam
type: item
description: Retraction Notice To: Dr. Supriya Pathak Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Home Science Extension Education, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Dr. R. Jansi Rani Assistant Professor (SG) (HOD) i/c, Department of Home Science Extension Education, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Subject: Retraction of Article – “Trauma and Its Impact on Menstrual Health: Psychological Insights from Women in Michamari, Assam” Published in: Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality & Culture (IJHSC), Vol. 11, No. 01 (2025) Dear Dr. Pathak and Dr. Rani, This is to formally notify you that the Editorial Board of the Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality & Culture (IJHSC) has resolved to retract your article entitled “Trauma and Its Impact on Menstrual Health: Psychological Insights from Women in Michamari, Assam,” published in Volume 11, Issue 01 (2025). The decision to retract was made after a post-publication review and verification procedure, during which the editorial team determined that several references cited in your article were unverifiable and could not be found in any reputable academic or public databases. Upon further investigation, it was confirmed that a substantial number of the references provided were fabricated, representing a violation of publication ethics and academic integrity. In accordance with the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the journal’s ethical policy, the editorial board regards this as a significant instance of research malfeasance. Consequently, the manuscript is being officially retracted from both the online and print editions of the journal. A retraction notice will be perpetually posted on the journal's website to ensure transparency and preserve scholarly integrity. The Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality & Culture continues to uphold the integrity of the scientific record and to foste…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
creator: Supriya Pathak
creator: R. Jansi Rani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 3
ending page: 10

Sexual Trauma in Sexual and Gender Minorities
type: item
description: .
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Aditya Somani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 2

Sex, gender and sexuality: A study of Mahesh Dattani’s play ‘Seven Steps Around the Fire’
type: item
description: The concept of ‘gender’ is typically placed in opposition to the concept of ‘sex’. While our sex (female/male) is a matter of biology, our gender (feminine/masculine) is a matter of culture. Mahesh Dattani deals with alternative sexuality and tabooed relationship in Seven Steps Around the Fire that unveils the courage of gay, Subramaniyam, who wishes to marry a transgender and faces terrible consequences in this heteronormative world. Discrimination against them is always translated into violence. Dattani, through his play, provides transgender people with a voice and space in English theatres to express their feelings and predicaments. The paper will retrospect the uniqueness of Seven Steps Around the Fire, demonstrating the struggle of transgenders, Kamala, Anarkali, and Champa as a marginalized section of the society with comparative analysis through gender studies and subaltern studies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transgender, Subaltern, Sex, Gender, Mahesh Dattani
  topic: keywords
creator: Neha Kumari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 90
ending page: 95

Exploring the psycho-social dimensions of same-sex marriage and LGBTQIA++ mental health in India
type: item
description: This research paper explores the dynamics of same-sex marriage (SSM) in India and its significant impact on the mental health of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Inter sex, Asexual and others (LGBTQIA++) community. Legal recognition of SSM is crucial for enhancing mental well-being, reducing stigma, and promoting societal acceptance. In contrast, the absence of SSM recognition exacerbates mental health issues due to social stigma and discrimination, leading to depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and eating disorders among LGBTQIA++ individuals. The paper emphasises the need for legal reforms aligned with constitutional principles to create inclusive spaces and foster peer networks, supporting LGBTQIA++ individuals. It also advocates for culturally competent mental health services with tailored interventions to address inter sectionality and unique challenges. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public, promoting informed policymaking, legal reforms, and societal acceptance. Addressing these challenges is essential for a more inclusive, supportive, and mentally healthy future for the LGBTQIA++ community in India.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anxiety, Depression, Discrimination, Intersectionality, Legal reforms, LGBTQIA++, Mental health, Peer networks, Same-sex marriage (SSM), Stigma, Supportive environment
  topic: keywords
creator: Aditi Bakshi
creator: Jagadeeswari Vardha
creator: Sahifa Anjum
creator: Manoj Sigdel
creator: Rimaz Dawelbait
creator: Sheikh Shoib
creator: Ilham Zaidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 78
ending page: 89